BDB5310 [H5315]
1. = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή , anima, the soul, the inner being of man:
\ \ a. distinguished from׃בָּשָׂר מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד בָּשָׂר Isa 10:18 הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר Deut 12:23 from שְׁאֵר Prov 11:17 from בֶּטֶן body Ps 31:10.
\ \ b. both the innerנפשׁ and the outer בשׂר are conceived as resting on a common substratum: אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֺ עָלָיו יִכְאָ֑ב וְנַפְשׁוֺ עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ Job 14:22 only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth ; compare Ps 42:5; Ps 42:7; Ps 131:2; Job 30:16; Lam 3:20 [see עַל 1 d], all poetical (compare 6 c).
\ \ c.׳ נ departs at death and returns with life: וַיְתִי בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ כִּי מֵתָה Gen 35:18 (E ) and it came to pass when her soul was going forth (for she died ); נָָֽפְחָה נַפְשָׁהּ Jer 15:9 she breathed out her soul , compare 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22; Job 11:20; Job 31:39.
\ \ d. often desired that theנפשׁ may be delivered: from Sh®°ôl Ps 16:10; Ps 30:4; Ps 49:16; Ps 86:13; Ps 89:49; Prov 23:14 from שַׁחַת , the pit of Sh®°ôl , Isa 38:17; Job 33:18; Job 33:22; Job 33:28; Job 33:30.
\ \ a. distinguished from
\ \ b. both the inner
\ \ c.
\ \ d. often desired that the
2. The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God's breathing נשׁמת חיים into the nostrils of its בשׂר ; of man Gen 2:7 (J ); by implication of animals also Gen 2:19 (J ); so Ps 104:29; Ps 104:30 compare Ps 66:9 man is נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה , a living, breathing being Gen 2:7 (J ); elsewhere נפשׁ חיּה always of animals Gen 1:20; Gen 1:24; Gen 1:30; Gen 9:12; Gen 9:15; Gen 9:16 (all P ), Ezek 47:9 so נפשׁ החיּה Gen 1:21; Gen 9:10 (both P ), Lev 11:10; Lev 11:46 (H ); נפשׁ השׁרצת Lev 11:46 (H ); נפשׁ כל חי Job 12:10. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb ׃חיה וחיתה נפשׁ Gen 12:13; Gen 19:20 (both J ), 1Kgs 20:32 (E ), Ps 119:175; Jer 38:17; Jer 38:20 חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 1:26; 1Sam 17:55; 1Sam 20:3; 1Sam 25:26; 2Sam 11:11; 2Sam 14:9; 2Kgs 2:2; 2Kgs 2:4; 2Kgs 2:6; 2Kgs 4:30 (all J E ); compare ׳ יְחַיֶּה נ 1Kgs 20:31 (E ), Ezek 18:27; Ps 22:30 also Gen 19:19; Isa 55:3; Prov 3:22.
3. The נפשׁ (without חיה noun or verb) is specified:
\ \ a. a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in ArabicWeSkizzen iii. 217 G. JacobArab. Dicht. iv. 9 f. ] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in D ), Deut 12:23; Deut 12:24 only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being (הַדָּם הוּא הַנֶּפֶשׁ ); and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh (הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר ); thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water ; this is enlarged in H , Lev 17:10; Lev 17:11; Lev 17:12; Lev 17:14 and in P Gen 9:4; Gen 9:5, compare Jer 2:34.
\ \ b. a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being 2Sam 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jonah 2:6; Ps 69:2; Ps 124:4; Ps 124:5; Job 27:3.
\ \ c.נפשׁ is used for life itself 171 t., of animals Prov 12:10, and of man Gen 44:30 (J ); נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life Exod 21:23 (E ), Lev 24:18 (H ), 1Kgs 20:39; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 10:24 נפשׁנו תחתיכם Josh 2:14 (J ); נפשׁ בנפשׁ Deut 19:21 בנפשׁ for the life of 2Sam 14:7; Jonah 1:14 שׂם נפשׁ בכף put life in one's own hand Judg 12:3; 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 28:21; Job 13:14 חרף נפשׁו למות Judg 5:18 risked his life to die ; בנפשׁ at the risk of life Num 17:3 (P ), 2Sam 23:17 = 1Chr 11:19 (twice in verse), 1Kgs 2:23; Prov 7:23; Lam 5:9 בקּשׁ נפשׁ Exod 4:19 (J ), 1Sam 20:21; 1Sam 22:23 (twice in verse); 1Sam 23:15; 1Sam 25:29; 2Sam 4:8; 2Sam 16:11; 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14; Jer 4:30; Jer 11:21; Jer 19:7; Jer 19:9; Jer 21:7; Jer 22:25; Jer 34:20; Jer 34:21; Jer 38:16; Jer 44:30 (twice in verse); Jer 46:26; Jer 49:37; Ps 35:4; Ps 38:13; Ps 40:15; Ps 54:5; Ps 63:10; Ps 70:3; Ps 86:14; Prov 29:10 ׳ שׁאל נ 1Kgs 3:11 = 2Chr 1:11; 1Kgs 19:4 = Jonah 4:8 הִכָּה נפשׁ smite mortally Gen 37:21 (J ), Deut 19:6; Deut 19:11; Jer 40:14; Jer 40:15 ׳ לקח נ 1Kgs 19:4; Jonah 4:3; Ps 31:14; Prov 1:19 הִצִּיל נֶפֶשׁ מִמָּוֶת deliver life from death Josh 2:13; Ps 33:19; Ps 56:14 מלּט נפשׁ 1Sam 19:11; 2Sam 19:6 (4 t. in verse); 1Kgs 1:12 (twice in verse); Jer 48:6; Jer 51:6; Jer 51:45; Ezek 33:5; Amos 2:14; Amos 2:15; Ps 89:49; Ps 116:4 פדה ׳ נ 2Sam 4:9; 1Kgs 1:29; Ps 34:23; Ps 49:16; Ps 55:19; Ps 71:23 ׳ שׁמר נ Ps 25:20; Ps 97:10; Job 2:6; Prov 13:3; Prov 16:17; Prov 19:16; Prov 22:5.
\ \ a. a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arabic
\ \ b. a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being 2Sam 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jonah 2:6; Ps 69:2; Ps 124:4; Ps 124:5; Job 27:3.
\ \ c.
4. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself:
\ \ a. paraphrase for personal pronoun especially in poetry and ornate discourse, 70 t.; (1)נַפְשִׁי = me: אל תבא נפשׁי Gen 49:6 let me not enter (poem in J ); מות ישׁרים ׳ תָּמֹת נ Num 23:10 let me die , etc. (poem); תָּמוֺת נַפְשְׁי Judg 16:30 (J ); אמרה נפשׁי Lam 3:24 I say . (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thee: לְאֻמִּים תַּחַת נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ Isa 43:4 peoples instead of thee ; אָֽמְרוּ לְנַפְשֵׁךְ Isa 51:23. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = he: נפשׁו בטוב תלין Psalms he will not dwell in good circumstances . (4) נַפְשֵׁנוּ = we: נַפְשֵׁנוּ כְּצִפּוֺר נִמְלְטָה מִפַּח יוֺקְשִׁים Ps 124:7. (5) נַפְשָׁם = they, them: נַפְשָׁם בַּשְּׁבִי הָלָ֑כָה Isa 46:2 they are gone into captivity ; אוי לנפשׁם Isa 3:9.
\ \ b. = reflexive,self , 53 t.: אסר על נפשׁ bind oneself Num 30:3; Num 30:5 (twice in verse); Num 30:6; Num 30:7; Num 30:8; Num 30:9; Num 30:10; Num 30:11; Num 30:12 ׳ לְעַנֹּת נ Num 30:14 to afflict oneself . (1) נַפְשִׁי = myself: לא אדע נפשׁי Job 9:21 I know not myself . (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thyself: ׳ שׁמר נ Deut 4:9 keep thyself . (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = himself: ׳ אהב כנ 1Sam 18:1; 1Sam 18:3; 1Sam 20:17 loved as himself . (4) נַפְשָׁהּ = herself: ׳ צדּקה נ Jer 3:11 justified herself . (5) נַפְשָׁם = themselves: ׳ הציל נ deliver themselves Isa 47:14; Ezek 14:14; Ezek 14:20. (6) נַפְשְׁכֶם , נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם = yourselves: ׳ אַלתַּֿשִּׁאוּ נ Jer 37:9 deceive not yourselves , also Jer 42:20; Jer 44:7 ׳ ענּה נ Lev 16:29; Lev 16:31; Lev 23:27; Lev 23:32; Num 29:7 (P ); ׳ נשׁמרתם לנ Deut 4:15; Josh 23:11 (D ). (7) נַפְשׁוֺתֵינוּ = ourselves: ׳ על נ Jer 26:19 against ourselves .
\ \ c. =person of man, individual, 144 t., first in D 2 ; especially in H , P , and kindred writers: (1) with אָדָם : אדם ׳ נ Lev 24:17 opposed to בהמה ׳ נ Lev 24:18 (both H ), and so אדם ׳ נ human persons Num 31:35; Num 31:40; Num 31:46 (P ) 1Chr 5:21; Ezek 27:13. Elsewhere without אדם : ברכה ׳ נ Prov 11:25 one who blesses ; רְמִיָּה ׳ נ Prov 19:15 idle person ; ׳ תחת נ ׳ נ person in place of person , Job 16:4 כפּר ׳ על נ Exod 30:15; Exod 30:16; Num 15:28; Num 31:50 (all P ) Lev 17:11 (H ). (2) נפשׁ = person, any one: Deut 24:7; Deut 27:25; Prov 28:17; Ezek 18:4 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 33:6 elsewhere only H P : Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2; Lev 4:27; Lev 5:1; Lev 5:2; Lev 5:4; Lev 5:15; Lev 5:17; Lev 5:21; Lev 7:18; Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:25; Lev 7:27; Lev 23:29; Lev 23:30 (twice in verse); Num 5:6; Num 15:27; Num 15:30; Num 19:22; Num 31:19; Num 31:28; Num 35:11; Num 35:15; Num 35:30 (twice in verse); Josh 20:3; Josh 20:9 (all P ), Lev 17:10; Lev 17:12; Lev 17:15; Lev 20:6 (twice in verse); Lev 22:6; Lev 22:11 (all H ); ׳ נכרתה הנ הַהִוא מן that person shall be cut off from: only in Gen 17:14; Exod 12:15; Exod 12:19; Exod 31:14; Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:27; Num 9:13; Num 15:30; Num 15:31; Num 19:13; Num 19:20 (all P ), Lev 19:8; Lev 22:3 (both H ). (3) נפשׁ collective for persons , in enumerations: Deut 10:22; Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37 (twice in verse); Josh 10:39; Josh 11:11 (all D 2 ) Jer 43:6; Jer 52:29; Jer 52:30 (twice in verse); Ezek 22:25 elsewhere only Gen 12:5; Gen 46:15; Gen 46:18; Gen 46:22; Gen 46:25; Gen 46:26 (twice in verse); Gen 46:27 (twice in verse); Exod 1:5 (twice in verse); Exod 12:16; Num 31:35; Num 31:40 (all P ). (4) נְפָשׁוֺת persons Gen 36:6; Exod 12:4; Exod 16:16; Num 19:18 (all P ), Lev 18:29; Lev 20:25; Lev 27:2 (all H ), 2Kgs 12:5; Prov 11:30; Prov 14:25; Ezek 13:18 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 13:19 (twice in verse); Ezek 13:20 (twice in verse); Ezek 17:17; Ezek 18:4; Ezek 22:27 (נפשׁים Ezek 13:20 see above). (5) נפשׁ = deceased person , sometimes with מֵת , נֶפֶשׁ מֵת Num 6:6 (P ), נַפְשֹׁת מֵת (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 נֶפֶשׁ ) Lev 21:11 (H ); usually without מֵת , נפשׁ (ה)אדם Num 9:6; Num 9:7; Num 19:11; Num 19:13 (P ); or simply נפשׁ , Lev 19:28; Lev 21:1; Lev 22:4 (all H ) Num 5:2; Num 6:11; Num 9:10 (all P ); elsewhere only Hag 2:13.
\ \ a. paraphrase for personal pronoun especially in poetry and ornate discourse, 70 t.; (1)
\ \ b. = reflexive,
\ \ c. =
5. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites , in all periods (46 t.) —
\ \ a. hunger:רְעֵבָה ׳ נ hungry soul Ps 107:9; Prov 27:7 with noun or verb of שׂבע satisfy Isa 56:11; Isa 58:10; Jer 50:19; Ezek 7:19; Ps 63:6; Ps 107:9; Prov 13:25; Prov 27:7 ׳ מתוק לנ Prov 16:24 sweet to the taste .
\ \ b. thirst:עֲיֵפָה ׳ נ weary soul Prov 25:25; Jer 31:25 כארץ עיפה ׳ נ Ps 143:6 ׳ צמאה נ Ps 42:3; Ps 63:2.
\ \ c. appetite in general:יַקִּיפוּ עָלָיו ׳ אֹיְבַי בנ Ps 17:9 my enemies compass me about with greed ; הִרְחִיבָה שְׁאוֺל נַפְשָׁהּ וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Isa 5:14 Sh®°ôl enlarged her appetite , etc., compare Hab 2:5; Prov 23:2 בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ ; Ecclesiastes uses נפשׁ only in the sense of a, b, c; the נפשׁ craves, lacks, and is filled with good things: Eccl 2:24; Eccl 4:8; Eccl 6:2; Eccl 6:3; Eccl 6:7; Eccl 6:9; Eccl 7:28.
\ \ a. hunger:
\ \ b. thirst:
\ \ c. appetite in general:
6. = ׳ נ seat of emotions and passions (151 t.) —
\ \ a. desire:׳ אִוְּתָה נ soul desires Deut 12:20; Deut 14:26; 1Sam 2:16; 2Sam 3:21; 1Kgs 11:37; Job 23:13; Prov 13:4; Prov 21:10; Mic 7:1 ׳ תַּאֲוַת נ Ps 10:3; Isa 26:8 ׳ אַוַּת נ Deut 12:15; Deut 12:20; Deut 12:21; Deut 18:6; 1Sam 23:20; Jer 2:24 so also לנפשׁ according to one's desire Deut 21:14; Ps 78:18; Jer 34:16 כנפשׁ Deut 23:25 האח נפשׁנו ah, our desire Ps 35:25 בנפשׁ at one's desire Ps 105:22; Ezek 16:27 יָָֽצְאָה ׳ נ בְדַבְּרוֺ Song 5:6 ׳ נשׂא נ lift up the soul, desire Deut 24:15; 2Sam 14:14 (read אליהם , not אלהים ), Ps 24:4; Ps 25:1; Ps 86:4; Ps 143:8; Prov 19:8; Jer 22:27; Jer 44:14; Hos 4:8.
\ \ b. abhorrence, loathing:׳ געלה נ soul abhorreth Lev 26:11; Lev 26:15; Lev 26:30; Lev 26:43 (H ) Jer 14:19 בחלה בי ׳ וגם נ Zech 11:8 and their soul also fell a loathing against me .
\ \ c. sorrow and distress:׳ מרי נ bitter, gloomy, discontented of soul Judg 18:25 (E ) 2Sam 17:8; Job 3:20; Prov 31:6 ׳ מר נ 1Sam 22:2 compare Job 7:11; Job 10:1; Isa 38:15; Ezek 27:1 ׳ עָֽגְמָה נ Job 30:35 grieved ; ׳ אגמי נ sad of soul Isa 19:10 ׳ תבכה נ my soul shall weep Jer 13:17 ירעה ׳ נ his soul trembleth Isa 15:4 ׳ צרת נ distress of soul Gen 42:21 (E ).
\ \ d. joy:תגיל ׳ נ my soul rejoiceth
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
License: Public domain document; formatting developed for use in https://marvel.bible by Eliran Wong.
Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer
\ \ a. desire:
\ \ b. abhorrence, loathing:
\ \ c. sorrow and distress:
\ \ d. joy:
License: Public domain document; formatting developed for use in https://marvel.bible by Eliran Wong.
Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer