I. רֹאשׁ599 noun masculine[Lev 13:45] head (common Semitic word; earliest form *ra°š, Arabic , Sabean ראס PräZMG xxix (1875). 425 MordtmHim.Inschr. 31; Ethiopic Amharic hence (a heightened) Assyrian rêšu (rarely râšu), Aramaic רֵישָׁא (Egyptian Aramaic ראש CookeNorth-Semitic Inscr. 404), , modern (Ma'lûla) ra±ša, HuartJAs xii (1878), 491 Duvalid. xiii(1879), 464; Palmyrene רשא, Lzb366, compare Biblical Hebrew רִישׁוֺן, רֵאשִׁית; from*ra'š, also Biblical Hebrew רָאשׁ֩, ראֹשׁ (LagSymm. i. 113), Tel Amarna rušu(nu) Wkl189, 18 (gloss to ‡a‡‡adunu), Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; SI6 ראש, Phoenician רשׁ, ראש (in proper name), Punic rus (in proper name, of a location) SchrödPhoenician Spr.133, ראשת choicest, chief; on MI20 (suffix) רשה, [Lev 1:28] ש[ר], compare Sm. u. So14 NöLCB Jan. 8, 1887, 60); — ׳ר absolute [Gen 3:15] +, construct [Gen 40:20] +; suffix ראֹשִׁי v[Gen 40:16] +, etc.; plural רָאשִׁים (for רְאָשִׁים֩ NöGGA 1884, 1019) [Exod 18:25] +; construct רָאשֵׁי [Hos 7:13] + [מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי [1Sam 26:12] see מְרַאֲשׁוֺת below]; suffix רָאשֵׁינוּ [1Chr 12:19], רָאשֵׁיכֶם [Isa 29:10] +, etc.; —
1. a. (c. 230 t.) head, of human being; man [Gen 40:16]; [Gen 40:17]. + often, גֶּבֶר ׳לְר [Judg 5:30] for the head of a man, i.e. for each man, per capita; woman [2Kgs 9:30]; [Deut 21:12]; [Num 5:18]; [Esth 2:17] boy [2Kgs 4:19] (twice in verse); [Gen 48:14] (twice in verse) +; of ׳י, under figure of armed man [Ps 60:9] = [Ps 108:9] of idol [1Sam 5:4] of gates, personified [Ps 24:7]; [Ps 24:9].
\ \ b. head, of animals: of serpent [Gen 3:15], dog [2Sam 3:8], ass [2Kgs 6:25], of הַחַיָּה in [Ezek 1:22] compare v[Ezek 1:22] v[Ezek 1:26], of הַכְּרֻבִים [Ezek 10:1] compare v[Ezek 10:11] of sea-monsters, לִוְיָתָן [Job 40:31]; [Ps 74:14], תַּנִּינִים v[Ps 74:13] especially of animals for sacrifice [Exod 12:9]; [Exod 29:15]; [Exod 29:19]; [Lev 1:4]; [Lev 1:8]; [Lev 1:12]; [Lev 1:15]; [Lev 3:2]; [Lev 3:8] + 18 t. P; in phrase וְזָנָב ׳ר [Isa 9:13] (figurative of noble and commoner) compare v.[Isa 9:14]; [Isa 19:15], so (figurative of relative dignity, power, influence) [Deut 28:13]; [Deut 28:44].
2. a. top (88 t.): of mountain, הַר, [Gen 8:5]; [Exod 19:20] (twice in verse); [Exod 24:17]; [Exod 34:2] + 34 t.; hill, גִּבְעָה, [Exod 17:9]; [Exod 17:10] (E), [2Sam 8:25] מְרוֺמִים ׳ר [Prov 8:2] + [Prov 1:21] Toy (for ᵑ0 הֹמִיּוֺת), גֵּיא ׳ר שְׁמָנִים [Isa 28:1]; [Isa 28:4] of rocks, צֻרִים, [Num 23:9] (JE), crag, סֶלַע, [2Chr 25:12] (twice in verse); tower [Gen 11:4] (J), stronghold [Judg 6:26], ladder [Gen 28:12] (E), tree [2Sam 5:24] = [1Chr 14:15], bough [Isa 17:6] compare [Ezek 17:4]; [Ezek 17:22], mast (?; חִבֵּל) [Prov 23:34] (otherwise Toy); of ears of grain, שִׁבֹּלֶת [Job 24:24], of stone [Gen 28:18] (E), bed, מִטָּה, [Gen 47:31] (J), throne, עָגוֺל לַכִּסֵּה׳ר [1Kgs 10:19], tabernacle, or its wall, [Exod 26:24] = [Exod 36:29] (P); pillar ( =capital) [1Kgs 7:16]; [1Kgs 7:17] + 13: t., מְכוֺנָה v[1Kgs 7:35] v[1Kgs 7:35], lampstand [Zech 4:2] (twice in verse), high priest's robe, מְעִיל, [Exod 28:32] (P), פִּנָּה ׳ר [Ps 118:22] top of (the) corner, i.e. most conspicuous stone (figurative); = tip, end, of staves [1Kgs 8:8]= [2Chr 5:9], of sceptre [Esth 5:2].
\ \ b. height of stars [Job 22:12] (|| גֹּבַהּ שָׁמַיִם).
3.: 171
\ \ a. head = chief (man) [Judg 10:18]; [Judg 11:8]; [Judg 11:9]; [Judg 11:11]; [Exod 18:25] (E), [Num 1:16] (P), [Deut 1:15]; [Hos 2:2]; [Mic 3:1] + often; apparently combined with idea of first in a series [1Chr 12:10]. (van d. H. v.[1Chr 12:9], series of 11); of God [2Chr 13:12].
\ \ b. = chief (city) [Josh 11:10] (D), compare (of city and king) [Isa 7:3]; [Isa 7:8]; [Isa 7:9] (twice in verse).
\ \ c. chief nation [Jer 31:7].
\ \ d. =chief (place, position) [1Sam 9:22]; [1Kgs 21:9]; [1Kgs 21:12]; [Deut 20:9]; [1Chr 4:42] (compare also 5).
\ \ e. הָראֹשׁ chief priest [2Kgs 25:18]= [Jer 52:24]; [2Chr 19:11]; [2Chr 24:11]; [2Chr 26:20], הַכֹּחֵן ראֹשׁ [1Chr 27:5], ׳הָר ׳הַכּ [2Chr 31:10]; [Ezra 7:5] ׳י alone [2Chr 24:6] רָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים [Neh 12:7]. feminine especially = head of a family (P Chronicles); רָאשֵׁי בֵּית (rare ראֹשׁ) אֲבוֺתָ (םׅ) [Exod 6:14]; [Num 7:2]; [Num 17:18]; [Josh 22:14]; [1Chr 5:24]; [1Chr 7:7]; [1Chr 7:9] בֵּית הָאָבוֺת ׳ר v[1Chr 7:40] לְבֵית אֲבֹתָיו ׳ר [Num 1:4], compare [1Chr 5:15]; [1Chr 5:24]; [1Chr 7:2]; [1Chr 9:13]; [1Chr 24:4] אֻמּוֺת בַּיתאָֿב ׳ר [Num 25:15] אֲבוֺת ׳ר הָעַדָה [Num 31:26] compare [Num 32:28]; [Josh 14:1]; [Josh 21:1] אֲבוֺת הַלְוִיִּם ׳ר [Exod 6:25]; [Josh 21:1] (הָ)אָבוֺת לַלְּוִיִם ׳ר [1Chr 9:33]; [1Chr 9:34]; [1Chr 15:12], compare [Num 36:1]; [Josh 19:51]; [1Chr 8:6]; [1Chr 8:13]; [1Chr 23:9]; [1Chr 23:24] + 10 t. Chronicles; absolute ׳ר (הָ)אָבוֺת [1Chr 8:10]; [1Chr 8:28]; [1Chr 9:9]; [1Chr 26:32]; [1Chr 27:1]; [2Chr 1:2] + 8 t. Ezra Nehemiah (Chronicles); אֲכֹתֵיהֶם ׳ר [Ezra 8:1] רָאשִׁים לְאָכוֺת [Neh 11:13] so also ׳י alone [1Chr 5:7]; [1Chr 5:12]; [1Chr 7:3]; [1Chr 8:28] +; apparently combined with idea of first in a series [1Chr 23:8] (series of 3), v[1Chr 23:11] (of 4), v[1Chr 23:19] (of 3), v[1Chr 23:20] (of 2).
4. a. head=front, leader's place [Mic 2:13]; [2Chr 20:27], compare [Amos 6:7].
\ \ b. of time, beginning, of night-watch [Judg 7:19]; [Lam 2:19] absolute מֵראֹשׁ from the beginning [Isa 40:21]; [Isa 41:4]; [Isa 41:26] (|| מִלְּפָנִים), [Isa 48:16]; [Prov 8:23] (|| מֵעוֺלָם),. [Eccl 3:11] (|| עַדסֿוֺף); first of months [Exod 12:2] (|| רִאשׁוֺן), [Num 10:10]; [Num 28:11] (all P); בָּראֹשׁ [1Chr 16:7] at first.
\ \ c. of things, river-heads [Gen 2:10] (J); עַפְרוֺת תֵּכֵל ׳ר [Prov 8:26].
5. chief, choicest, best, of spices, כשׂמ(יםׅ, [Ezek 27:22]; [Exod 30:23] (P), [Song 4:14] שִׂמְחָתִי ׳ר [Ps 137:6] the choicest of my joy.
6. head = division of army, company, band : [Judg 7:16]; [Judg 7:20]; [Judg 9:34]; [Judg 9:37]; [Judg 9:43]; [Judg 9:44] (twice in verse); [1Sam 11:11]; [1Sam 13:17] (twice in verse); [1Sam 13:18] (twice in verse) [Job 1:17].
7. =sum, especially in phrase ׳בְּנֵייִֿשׂ ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿ [Exod 30:12]take the sum of, enumerate, compare [Num 1:2]; [Num 1:49]; [Num 4:2]; [Num 4:22]; [Num 26:2]; [Num 31:26]; [Num 31:49] בְּראֹשׁוֺ [Lev 5:24] in its sum, i.e. in full, so [Num 5:7] (all P); of ׳י's thoughts [Ps 139:17] compare ראֹשׁ דְּבָֽרְךָ אֱמֶת[Ps 119:160].
8. other phrase are : ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿאֹשׁ פ see נָשָׂא Qal 1 b (2); יָרוּם ראֹשִׁי עַלאֹֿיְבַי [Ps 27:6], מֵרִים ראֹשִׁי ׳י [Ps 3:4] ([Ps 110:7]; [Ps 140:10] see רום); shake the head, see נוּעַ Hiph`il, compare יָנִיד בְּראֹשׁוֺ [Jer 8:16], מְנוֺד ראֹשׁ [Ps 44:15] נָתַן דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ, i.e. requite, see נתן Qal 2 b near the end; יָשׁוּב גְּמֻלְךָ ׳בְּר [Obad 1:15], compare [Ps 7:17]; [1Kgs 2:33] (below דָּם 2 i and (with ׳עַלרֿ) [Esth 9:25], הֵשִׁיב רָעָה בְּראֹשׁ [Judg 9:57]; [1Sam 25:39]; [1Kgs 2:44], compare Joel [1Kgs 4:4]; [1Kgs 4:7]; [1Kgs 2:32] (sub דָּם 2 i, compare [Neh 3:36] (אֶלרֿאֹשָׁם), see also [2Sam 3:29] below 1. חוּל 3; see, further, דָּם 2 i; [Dan 1:10] see חוּב Pi`el
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
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