[נָקַם] verb avenge, take vengeance ( להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph`al + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); נקם, noun also [Eccl 12:6] (compare [Deut 32:41]), [Eccl 39:30]; [Eccl 48:7] Late Hebrew נָקַם especially in derivatives; Aramaic נְקַם (rare), in derived species; Arabic take vengeance ( upon), Lane3037; compare Ethiopic Di458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian i‡‡imu, vengeance, requital, is possibly from √ אקם JägerBAS ii. 279); —
Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix נְקָמֵ֫נִי [1Sam 24:13] Imperfect יִקּוֺם [Deut 32:43] יִקֹּם [Josh 10:13] 2 masculine singular תִּקֹּם [Lev 19:18] Infinitive absolute נָקֹם [Exod 21:20] construct נְקֹם [Ezek 24:8]; [Ezek 25:12] Imperative נְקֹם [Num 31:2] Participle נִקֵם [Nah 1:2] + 3 t.; feminine נֹקֶ֫מֶת [Lev 26:25] —
1. avenge, take vengeance:
\ \ a. God subject דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֺם [Deut 32:43] the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ [1Kgs 2:5] ᵐ5L Klo); ׳נ absolute [Nah 1:2] (twice in verse) with לְ (against Nineveh) [Nah 1:2] נָקָם ׳נ (against Jerusalem) [Ezek 24:8] עַלעֲֿלִילוֺהָם on their doings (his people's) [Ps 99:8] נְקַם בְּרִית ׳נ [Lev 26:25] (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי[1Sam 24:13], with מִן of person from whom vengeance is taken (compare [Jer 20:10]).
\ \ b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נקמה ׳נ with מִן against whom [Num 31:2] (P); with accusative יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו [Josh 10:13] (poem).
\ \ c. Edom against Judah נקם לְ ׳נ [Ezek 25:12].
\ \ d. in administration of justice against murder [Exod 21:20] (E).
2. entertain revengeful feelings (opposed to אהב) against neighbour forbidden [Lev 19:18] (H).
Niph`al Perfect 1 singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי [Judg 15:7]; [1Sam 14:24] 3 masculine plural נִקְּמוּ [Ezek 25:12] imperfect יִנָּקֵם [Exod 21:20] 1 singular אִנָָּֽקְמָה [Judg 16:28]; [Isa 1:24] 3 masculine plural יִנָָּֽקְמוּ [Ezek 25:15] Infinitive הִנָּקֵם [Jer 46:10] + 2 t.; Imperative הִנָּ֫קֶם [Jer 15:15] plural הִנָָּֽקְמוּ [Jer 50:15]: —
1. avenge oneself,
\ \ a. ׳י subject with מִן of adversary [Isa 1:24]; [Jer 46:10] with מִן advers., לְ for whom [Jer 15:15] with בְּ adversary [Jer 50:15].
\ \ b. of Israel and champions with מִן [Judg 16:28]; [1Sam 14:24]; [Esth 8:13] with בְּ [Judg 15:7]; [1Sam 18:25].
\ \ c. of enemies against Israel נקם ׳נ [Ezek 25:15] with בְּ [Ezek 25:12].
2. suffer vengeance (of law against murder) [Exod 21:20] (E). Piel Perfect 1 singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי [2Kgs 9:7]; [Jer 51:36] — avenge, ׳י subject דָּמִים מיד [2Kgs 9:7] blood at hands of; נִקְמָתֵךָ ׳נ [Jer 51:36] take vengeance for thee.
Hoph`al Imperfect יֻקַּם [Gen 4:24]; [Exod 21:21], יֻקָּ֑ם [Gen 4:15] be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).
Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְנַקֵּם [Jer 5:9]; [Jer 5:29]; [Jer 9:8] Participle מִתְנַקֵּם [Ps 8:3]; [Ps 44:17] avenge oneself, ׳י subject לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם ׳נַפְשִׁי בְּ [Jer 5:9]; [Jer 5:29]; [Jer 9:8] of Israel's enemies אוֺיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם [Ps 8:3]; [Ps 44:17].
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
License: Public domain document; formatting developed for use in https://marvel.bible by Eliran Wong.
Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer