Satan - Vine's Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words
Satan
[ 1,,G4567, satanas ]a Greek form derived from the Aramaic (Heb., Satan), an adversary," is used
(a) of an angel of Jehovah in Numbers 22:22 (the first occurrence of the Word in the OT);
(b) of men, e.g., 1 Samuel 29:4; Psalms 38:20; Psalms 71:13; four in Ps. 109;
(c) of "Satan," the Devil, some seventeen or eighteen times in the OT; in Zechariah 3:1, where the name receives its interpretation, "to be (his) adversary," RV (See marg.; AV, "to resist him").
In the NT the word is always used of "Satan," the adversary
(a) of God and Christ, e.g., Matthew 4:10; Matthew 12:26; Mark 1:13; Mark 3:23, Mark 3:26; Mark 4:15; Luke 4:8 (in some mss.); Luke 11:18; Luke 22:3; John 13:27;
(b) of His people, e.g., Luke 22:31; Acts 5:3; Romans 16:20; 1 Corinthians 5:5; 1 Corinthians 7:5; 2 Corinthians 2:11; 2 Corinthians 11:14; 2 Corinthians 12:7; 1 Thessalonians 2:18; 1 Timothy 1:20; 1 Timothy 5:15; Revelation 2:9, Revelation 2:13 (twice), Revelation 2:24; Revelation 3:9;
(c) of mankind, Luke 13:16; Acts 26:18; 2 Thessalonians 2:9; Revelation 12:9; Revelation 20:7. His doom, sealed at the Cross is foretold in its stages in Luke 10:18; Revelation 20:2, Revelation 20:10. Believers are assured of victory over him, Romans 16:20.
The appellation was given by the Lord to Peter, as a "Satan-like" man, on the occasion when he endeavored to dissuade Him from death, Matthew 16:23; Mark 8:33.
"Satan" is not simply the personification of evil influences in the heart, for he tempted Christ, in whose heart no evil thought could ever have arisen (John 14:30, 2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 4:15); moreover his personality is asserted in both the OT and the NT, and especially in the latter, whereas if the OT language was intended to be figurative, the NT would have made this evident. See DEVIL.